Ribbon knowledge

Narrow fabrics or tubular fabrics are made of various yarns as raw materials. There are many varieties of ribbon fabrics, which are widely used in various industrial sectors such as clothing, industry, agriculture, military supplies, transportation, etc. In the 1930s, ribbons were all produced by hand workshops, and the raw materials were cotton and linen. After the founding of New China, the raw materials for ribbons gradually developed to nylon, vinylon, polyester, polypropylene, spandex, viscose, etc., forming three major types of process technologies: weaving, knitting, and knitting. The fabric structures include plain, twill, satin, jacquard, double-layer, multi-layer, tubular and combined tissues.

1. Weaving (weaving)

Warp and weft interweaving. After twisting, the yarn is warped into a bobbin (disk head), and the weft yarn is shaken into a reel to weave the ribbon on the loom. In the 1930s, it was woven on hand-pulled wooden looms and ironwood looms. In the early 1960s, the 1511 loom was converted into a ribbon loom, which is still widely used. Due to the small width of the belt, the weaving method is different, ranging from single, double, dozens of strips, single layer, and double layer.

In 1967, the shuttleless belt research group, mainly composed of workers in the industry, successfully designed and manufactured a high-speed single shuttleless belt machine by itself, realizing the weaving of the belt without shuttle, shortening the process, reducing the floor space, and improving labor productivity. It is a pioneering work in the history of Chinese belt weaving technology.

In the 1970s, due to the promotion of continuous dyeing and ironing machines for belts, the processing of colored belts has developed from the traditional process of dyeing first and then weaving to weaving first and then dyeing, weaving first and then bleaching, and ironing and then continuous processing, and belt weaving technology has entered the ranks of mechanized mass production. In the early 1980s, the industry introduced high-speed shuttleless belt machines, ironing combined machines, wrapping machines, warping machines, etc. from Switzerland, Italy, and the Federal Republic of Germany, and belt weaving technology has entered a new stage of development.

The progress of belt weaving technology has brought about product upgrades. In 1979, the first generation of SD9-9 rubber spindle belts in China was successfully trial-produced, ending the history of rubber spindle belt products relying on imports. In 1980, SD-81A and B rubber spindle belts were developed, which are soft, light, thin, strong, small elongation, small impact force, and short and flat joints. In early 1990, the car seat belts for Santana sedans were successfully trial-produced. After more than two years of research and trial production, the product quality reached the QC49-92 and TL-VW470 standards.

2. Weaving (spindle weaving)

After the yarn is wound through the warp and the weft is formed into a weft tube, it is inserted into the fixed gear seat of the weaving machine. The weft tube rotates and moves along the 8-shaped track to pull the yarn to cross-weave. Usually, the number of spindles is even, and the woven belt is tubular, and the number of spindles is odd, and the woven belt is flat. The spindle weaving process has been used in old China. The number of spindles varies depending on the equipment, generally ranging from 9 to 100 spindles. The basic process of weaving is: bleaching and dyeing - winding weft - weaving - dropping the machine and cutting - packaging. Since 1960, the weaving machine has undergone many technical innovations, mainly including enlarging the diameter of the peach board, installing an automatic parking device for broken rubber bands, and changing the iron spindles to nylon spindles. These equipment improvements have increased the speed to 160-190 rpm, doubled the stand rate, and greatly improved the product quality.

Weaving can not only weave belts, but also weave ropes. Tubular belts are a kind of braided ropes. Those with a diameter of 1 to 4 cm are called ropes or ropes, those with a diameter greater than 4 cm are also called ropes, and those with a diameter greater than 40 cm are generally called cables or cables. In 1989, the industry introduced Japanese eight-strand cable production line equipment, and produced polypropylene eight-strand cables the following year. The product won the National Silver Award.

3. Knitting

In the 1970s, knitting warp knitting and weft knitting technology were widely used in weaving belts. In 1973, the trial production of knitted nylon wide belt was successful. In 1982, the company began to introduce Italian crochet machines, which are advanced in technology and produce a wide variety of products, especially suitable for thin decorative belt fabrics, such as lace, elastic bands, window screens, decorative belts, etc. The basic process is: bleaching and dyeing - winding - weaving - ironing - packaging.

Before the 1970s, fire hose tubes were woven with flat looms, and the tube diameter was greatly deformed and the output was low. In the second half of 1974, the industry organized a tube weaving research team. According to the principle of knitting, the warp and weft shuttle weaving was adopted. In the process of looping, the cylinder and sinking arc of the looping yarn were used to connect the non-interwoven warp yarn and weft yarn into a whole, and the warp and weft lining tubular knitted fabric was formed. The production process technology level of the plastic-coated water pipe and high-pressure fire hose ranked first in the country.